Regulation in the output of liquids



Jan. 14, 1930.

M. GOUDARD REGULATION IN THE OUTPUT OF LIQUIDS Filed NOV. 14, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet Waa Jan. 14, 1930; M IGOUDARD 1,743,966

REGULATION IN THE OUTPUT OF LIQUIDS Filed Nov; 14, 1927 a sheets-s eet 2 Jan. 14, 1930. M. GOUDARD REGULATION IN THE OUTPUT OF LIQUIDS 5 Shets-Sheet Filed Nov.

why; 72%

Patented Jan. 14,1930

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFIICE MAURICE GOUDARD, or NEUIIrLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE, nssrenon. 'ro ""socm'rn ANO- NY'ME SOLEX,' or NEUILLY-SUBFSEINE, FRANCE, A FRENCH SOCIETY REGULATION IN THE Application med November 14, 1927, Serial No.

This invention relates to the regulation of the output of liquids, as a function of the pressure, or of the temperature, or as a function of the combination of both pressure and temperature.

As examples of possible industrial applications of the invention may be mentioned its adaptation to engines in which the output of liquid, must be regulated and measured automatically for the pu'rposeof obtaining the composition or saturation of gaseous mixtures in; for example, in humidifiers for textilelindustry, apparatus for feeding liquid to-burners, apparatus for feeding combustible liquid to internal combustion engines, such as injectors, carburetors or the like, 1n

' which the'positive or negative pressure oper ating in the apparatus can befurnished and regulated by the operation of the engine or motor itself with which the apparatus forming the subject of the invention is combined, or in which the measured. supply is to be varied as a function of the temperature.

One of the objects of the invention is toprovide' an apparatus capable of delivering liquid from a pair of reservoirs as a function of the difference of gaseous pressurein said reservoirs.

: limitin Another object is to provide means for controlling the output of a reservoir as a function of any local temperature.

A further object is to provide means for the dilference of pressure in two reservoirs arranged to deliver liquid as a Additional objects will appear in the course of the description now to be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is to be observed that the description and drawings are given merely by way of ex ample;

Fig. 1 shows in vertical section, and diagrammatically, an apparatus for regulat ing output'constructed according to the invention.

OUTPUT or LIQUIDS 233,295, and in Belgium November 20, 1926.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of the same apparatus at a dilferent period of operation.

Fig. 3 shows the same apparatus as Figs. 1 .and 2, at still another period of o eration, and comprising an accessory device fhr limiting the different possible the two receptacles.

Fig. 4 shows, by Way of example, an apparatus analogous to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but including means for utilizing the tension of the vapour of the liquid itself, or of an auxiliary liquid, for the operation of the apparatus.

Fig. 5 shows an apparatus also constructed according to the invention and comprising pressures between arrangements complementary to those of the preceding figures.

Finally, Fig. 6 shows a possible combination of methods of carrying out the invention already described.

Accordin to the invention, and according. to its principal features, the construction is substantially as follows.

a is the principal reservoir or rece tacle, communicating freely with a source of pressure for example, the atmosphere and in which liquid is maintained at a constant level by any suitable means, such for instance as a float controlling a needle valve regulatin the inlet of liquid, as shown in Figs. 5 and {5, or, by means of an overflowpipe b as shown in Figs. 1 to 4: through which the liquid supplied from the tube 0, or in any other usual manner and rising above said overflow pipe, may flow away.

The principal receptacle or reservoir (1 communicates at d with a second receptacle or reservoir 0, having at its upper portion a valve or tap Into this receptacle extendsa tube g-g constituting the oulet conduit from the apparatus and having in its branch 9 which extends into the receptacle e a series of orifices h, a, 1', la, Z, m, 11., arranged at various stages. I

The tube g--g is bent into the form of an inverted siphon, the branch 9 extendingupe wards and terminating at a lower level than that of the liquid in the whole apparatus, and more particularly at a lower level than the level in the reservoir a. The branch 9 opens into an auxiliary receptacle 0 provided with an outllow opening 3) and is under atmospheric pressure.

With this construction the operation is as tollows:

The liquid pours from the tube 0 into the receptacle (1, in which it is kept at a constant level, and from which it passes through the opening (Z into the receptacle 0.

It the receptacles a and c are under the same pressure, as for instance when the valve or tap f is freely open to the atmosphere, the same level is maintained in the two receptacles, the openings h, i, 7c, at dili'erent heights being below the level for feeding the outlet tube gg The liquid runs through the tube to the branch 9, which terminates below the constant level, into the auxiliary reservoir 0. The outflow through /i, i, j, 7;, varies with the outflow from p and the receptacle a for instance for an output from the orifice 1) which is zero, the auxiliary reservoir 0 becomes filled up to the overfiow level.

The How of the liquid in the apparatus is thus free as regards any difference of pressure existing in the receptacles a and c, (Fig. 1) but if, for example, the valve or tap f is connected to any source for producing a gas pressure onthe surface of the liquid in the receptacle 6, this pressure will be exerted upon the liquid therein until the position of equilibrium is obtained, depending upon the ratio of the pressures on the liquid in the two receptacles a, and e. As the level of the liquid in the receptacle a is constant, and the liquid in said receptacle is ordinarily under atmospheric pressure, which is approximate- 1y constant, all the variations of level will take place in the receptacle 6. The number of openings h, i, 7', 70, remaining below the level of the liquid in the receptacle 6 therefore will vary with the pressure in the said receptacle.

v The general result is a variation of output through the tube gP-g due to the pressure in the receptacle 0, which makes it possible to regulate the output according to particular requirements.

The pressure in the receptacle 6 may be sufiicient to depress the level of the liquid therein below the communicating holes 71., z', j, is, as shown in Fig. 2, thus completely suspending the outfiow. The function of the siphon formed by the tube gg is then to prevent the escape of fluid. The construction is such that the top of the column of the receptacle e is always higher than the opening at between the constant level chamber a and the receptacle e. The result is that an excess of pressure in the receptacle 6 will force the liquid through d before it can escape at g. Y

Fig. 3 shows the operation in a'some'vvhat different form of the invention when the pressure in the receptacle 6 is negative, or

the liquid in below the atmospheric or other pressure exerted on the receptacle a. The level rises in the receptacle 0 above a supplementary series of openings Z, m, a, in the tube g-- r above the constant level of the apparatus as a whole and in addition to the output through the orifices 72 i, j, 70, there will be output through Z, m, n.

Fig. 3 also shows an accessory arrangement for automatic limitation of the dillcrence of pressure between the two receptacles a and a, when a negative pressure. produced for instance by the working of the'cngi'ne to which.

the apparatus is connected, may become too great in the receptacle 0.

This accessory arrangement may consist simply of an automatic valve 1 of any usual type in an extension pipe connected to the upper portion of the receptacle 0 and adjustable so as to open at a given value of negative pressure in the receptacle 0.

A hydraulic guard or satety device may be provided consisting of a siphon 8 8 one branch of which opens into the upper portion of the receptacle 0 and the other branch s 01 which opens into the upper portion of the receptacle a above the constant level. The bend is arranged to dip into the liquid below the constant level in the receptacle a and pours liquid into the receptacle 0, through a calibrated orifice t. The liquid thus poured through the orifice t fills the bend of the ss and with variations of pressure in the receptacle 0, the liquid rises in the branch 5. As the output of the orifice t is limited. a too strong variation of prcssurein the receptacle 0 causes the emptying of the siphon s's and establishes communication between the pressures in the two receptacles, whereupon communication is cut ofi' by the filling of the siphon through the opening t. In this way a regulation and limitation of the difference of the pressures between the two receptacles is obtained.

In the constructional embodiment shown in Fig. 4 the valve f connects the receptacle 6 with a closed bell 9, containing a relatively volatile liquid, exposed to the effects of heat and cold obtained in any convenient manner from the outside. The same efi ccts as those described above are produced in the apparatus. A rise in temperature increases the vapour tension inthe bell Q and consequently the pressure exerted in the receptacle (1 causes progressively the isolation of the orifices h, i, 7', 70, for delivery whilst the lowering of the temperature by means of some source of cold, may reduce the pressure in receptacle 6 until it is below the atmospheric pressure in the receptacle (1, permitting the level in e to rise so as to feed the supplementary orifices Z, m, n.

According to the composition of the liquid flowing through the apparatus and the conditions of employment, it may not be desirlll) Ill)

able to provide an auxiliary closed bell, and the upper portion of the receptacle 6 may, by the closing or omission of the tap f constitute the closed bell in which the "vapour diagrammatically in relation to the tap 7 containing this latter at any point in its course, may constitute a means of distant control for the apparatusfand consequently a general means for regulating its output. 1

As already stated the application of variation of pressure is not limited to any parduced in the receptacle a independently of or not with the latter, producing similar functicular receptacle. Variations may be prothose in the receptacle 6, and simultaneously tioning of the apparatus to that described above. I

As an illustration of one of the many possible applications of the constructions described with reference to Figs. 1 to i is the utilization of variations of barometric pres sure exerted on the receptacle a as means for automatically re ulating the output of distributor devices tor feeding or measurement liquids 1n apparatus in connection with aviatlon machines.

It is evident that the method of construction is by no means limited to that describedwith. reference to Figs. 1 to 4, Where application of pressure from an exterior source the closed bell. The receptacle 6 is open free- The effect ofly to atmospheric pressure. variations of pressure on the levels in the two receptacles a and e are absolutely similar to those described for the preceding figures, so that it is not necessary particularly to explain the operation.

Fig. 6 shows a combined apparatus based on the-last mentioned construction. The

parts described with reference to Fig. 5 are source of pressure. The valves or taps f and -v are combined into a single valve :0 with a plurality of passages, the manipulation of which valve is adapted to put either one of the receptacles a or '6 into communication, with the atmosphere for instance, said valve being made triangular in section so as to be capable of distributing the pressures in conduit a between a and e in any desired proportion. v The devices shown in Figs. 5 and 6 are par ticularlyadapted for use in apparatus where the float chamber is connected to a source of suction or of diminished pressure.

It is, of course to be understood, that the pressure equalizer shown in Fig. 3, and thetemperature regulator represented in Fig. 4

may be attachedto any of the devices shown in i gs. 1 to 5.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature oi my said invention and in what manner the same is to be perform ed, I declare that what I'claim is 1. A device'of the class described comprising in combination a pair of communicating reservoirs, at least one of said reservoirs being closed, a conduit connected to, and adapted to carry a fluid controlling the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir, and liquid discharge means operative to vary the total discharge frointlie pair of reservoirs in accordance with variations of. the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir.

2. A device of the class described comprising in combination a constant level reservoir, a reservoir in communication therewith, at least one of said two reservoirs being closed, means for maintaining a liquid at constant level in the constant lever reservoir, a conduit connected to, and adapted to carry'a fluid controlling the as'eous pressure in, said closed reservoir, an liquid discharge means operative to vary the total discharge of liquid from the two reservoirs in accordance with the variations in gaseous'pressureproduced in the closed reservoir.

3. A device of the class described comprising'in combination a eonstantlevel reservoir, a reservoir in communication therewitlnat least one of said'two reservoirs being closed, a conduit communicating with the upper part of the closed reservoir and adapted to supply fluid thereto under varying gaseous pressures and a discharge conduit ext-ending into one 0t said reservoirs, said conduit havin a pinrality of orifices formed therein at different levels.

4. A device of the class described comprising in combination a constant level reservoir,

a reservoir in communication therewith, at

least one of said two reservoirs'be'ing closed, means for varying aseous'pressure in said closed reservoir, ant? liquid discharge means operative to vary the total discharge from the two reservoirs in accordance with variations of gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir.-

5. -A device of the class described comprismg in combination a constant level reservoir, a reservoir communicating therewith, at least one 01'' said two reservoirs being closed, means for varying the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir as a function of the temperature, and liquid discharge means operative to vary the total liquid discharge from the two reservoirs in accordance with the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir.

6. A device of the class described compris ing in combination a constant level reservoir, a reservoiixcommunicating therewith, at least one of said two reservoirs being closed, a conduit communicating with the upper part of the closed reservoir and adapted to carry a fluid controlling the gaseous pressure therein, liquid discharge means operativet'o vary the total discharge from the two reservoirs in accordance with the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir, and means for limiting the difference of gaseous pressure in the two reservoirs.

7. A device of the class described compris-. ing in combination a pair of communicating reservoirs, at least one of said reservoirs being closed, a conduit connected to, and adapted to carry fluid controlling the gaseous pressure in the closed reservoir, a discharge reservoir, a U-shaped discharge tube having one long branch extending into one of the pair of communicating reservoirs, said branch being provided with a plurality of perforations at different levels, and having a short branch terminating in the discharge reservoir above the level of communication between the pair of communicating reservoirs, the length of said short branch being greater than the maximum possible difference of level between said communicating reservoirs.

in testimony whereof I alllx my signature.

MAURICE GOUDARD. 

